What is Diabetes Mellitus ?

 A Brief History of Diabetes Mellitus

diabetes mellitus has been known since 1552 BC in Egypt. At that time, there is known a disease that is marked by frequent urination and the amount of which is very much (poliurial), also accompanied by weight loss dramatically. Later in the year 400 BC, a man from India named the disease as diabetes or known as Honey honey urine disease

Around the year 200 BC, an expert named Aretaeus give the name as the disease: Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes means of continuous flow, and mellitus means sweet.

Basically, Diabetes Mellitus is caused by reduced production of the hormone INSULIN .. Insulin is the hormone which has an important role as a regulator of blood sugar (glucose) in the blood. Glucose in the blood has normal size between 60-120 mg / dl while fasting and below 200 mg / dl at 2 hours after eating.

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes Mellitus or blood sugar disease, is a condition of human being metabolic disorder, in which blood sugar (glucose) in the blood becomes very high, because it cannot be processed by the body.

In a healthy person, carbohydrate food will be converted into glucose in the digestive tract. And then glucose is carried by the blood to be distributed to all body cells, and then will be in use and make energy with the help of insulin. The role of insulin is very important here in which insulin works like a key that opens the entrance of glucose into the cell.

Insulin is a hormone that is produced pancreas gland, which is responsible for maintaining normal blood sugar levels in order. Insulin brings the sugar into the cells to be made in energy, as well as energy reserves.

In patients with diabetes mellitus, glucose is difficult or even can not enter cells, it is because there is no or little insulin in the body, and it could be because the cells can not respond to insulin properly. In scientific, because it lacked the amount or activity of insulin receptors in the body ....

Lack of insulin will cause blood sugar levels to be higher due to the buildup of sugar in the blood cells, the result of this buildup, sugar can not be utilized by the body, so it was forced to dispose of the urine. Impaired metabolism causes the body's energy shortage. These conditions cause side effects that are negative and harmful.

From the WHO (world health organization) mentioned that there are 3 types of Diabetes Mellitus, ie: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Diabetes Mellitus 1: 

Body of insulin deficiency, or commonly called Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or diabetic childrens. Her traits are: Loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas Langerhans islands, so that the body lacks insulin. Type 1 diabetes can occur in childrens as well as Adults. Usually Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 at the start with excellent conditions, good health and weight. Additionally sesitifitas and the body's response to insulin is generally normal in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, especially in the early stages. Currently, treatment for diabetes mellitus type 1, the form of delivery of insulin with careful monitoring of the blood glucose level, through a test lab and others. Also in the hope to go on a diet and who exercise regularly.

Diabetes Mellitus 2: 

The hormone insulin can not play properly, or commonly called Non-Insulin Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus This is due to a defect in insulin production, and insulin resistance occurs, it could also be said reduced sensitivity to insulin. In the early stages, to no abnormality that occurs is reduced insulin sensitivity, characterized by increased levels of insulin in the blood. To overcome this Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, usually overcome by changes in physical activity (usually an increase), diet (reduction of carbohydrate intake) and through weight reduction program and control through lifestyle changes and drug therapy.

Gestational Diabetes mellitus, or GDM can be called, which only occurs during pregnancy. Diabetes Mellitus type involves a combination of responsiveness and insulin are not spending enough. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus will usually get back to normal again after giving birth.